This report does not constitute a rating action.
S&P Global Ratings has 93 foreign currency ratings on corporates, financial institutions, and local or regional government (LRG) that exceed the foreign currency sovereign credit rating on the country of domicile. Table 1 lists these entities, which are domiciled in 22 different countries. This list does not include state and municipal obligors in the U.S. with ratings above the sovereign.
The list has grown since we expanded our criteria for assessing the risk of the sovereign restricting access to foreign exchange needed for debt service. For more information about the methodology for determining transfer and convertibility (T&C) assessments, please see "Criteria For Determining Transfer And Convertibility Assessments," published May 18, 2009. We publish "Sovereign Ratings History," a record of T&C assessments for all countries with sovereign credit ratings, on a monthly basis (the article was previously titled "Sovereign Rating And Country T&C Assessment Histories").
Meanwhile, we have 78 local currency financial strength ratings on insurance entities that exceed the foreign currency rating on the sovereign (in 22 different countries of domicile). These entities are listed in table 2. An S&P Global Ratings local currency financial strength rating above the sovereign credit rating indicates that there is an appreciable likelihood that the insurer would not default on its insurance policy obligations on a local currency basis in the stress scenario likely to accompany a sovereign default.
A T&C assessment is associated with the likelihood of a sovereign restricting nonsovereign access to foreign exchange needed for debt service. While history shows that many nonsovereign entities default around the time of a sovereign default, in recent years, this rarely has been the result of the inability of resident entities to convert local currency to foreign currency and to then transfer it to nonresidents to meet debt obligations. Instead, the nonsovereign defaults have more often been the result of currency depreciation, economic contraction, liquidity constraints stemming from credit shortages, restrictions on raising utility rates and other price controls, hikes in taxes and government fees amid cutbacks in services, and delayed or partial government payments. The operating and financial characteristics of the entities listed in the tables have been tested against severe downside scenarios. The higher ratings on these entities indicate that S&P Global Ratings believes there is a measurable likelihood that these entities can meet debt obligations even when the sovereign cannot.
In most cases, the nonsovereign foreign currency credit ratings do not exceed the T&C assessment. When exceptions occur, it is S&P Global Ratings' opinion that these entities are well insulated from T&C restrictions and from the other downside scenarios outlined above.
If a sovereign, through membership in a monetary or currency union, has ceded monetary and exchange rate policy responsibility to a monetary authority that the sovereign does not solely control, the T&C assessment reflects the policies of the controlling monetary authority, vis-à-vis the exchange of its currency for other currencies in the context of debt service. The same applies if a sovereign uses as its local currency the currency of another sovereign. A T&C assessment may change sharply if a sovereign introduces a new local currency, by entering or exiting a monetary or currency union or through some other means. This is because the new local currency, and in some cases the new monetary authority, may operate in very different monetary and exchange regimes. The T&C assessment does not normally reflect the likelihood of change in a country's local currency.
Table 1
Corporate and government ratings that exceed the sovereign rating as of Oct. 31, 2024 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sovereign | Issuer | T&C assessment | LT FC rating/OL | |||||
Bahamas |
BB- | B+/Stable | ||||||
Intercorp Peru Ltd. |
BBB-/Stable | |||||||
Bahrain |
BB- | B+/Stable | ||||||
Ahli United Bank B.S.C. |
BBB+/Stable | |||||||
Arab Banking Corp. B.S.C. |
BBB-/Stable | |||||||
Brazil |
BBB- | BB/Stable | ||||||
Ambev S.A. |
BBB+/Stable | |||||||
Braskem S.A. |
BB+/Negative | |||||||
Embraer S.A. |
BBB-/Stable | |||||||
Gerdau S.A. |
BBB/Stable | |||||||
Globo Comunicacao e Participacoes S.A. |
BB+/Stable | |||||||
Hypera S.A. |
BB+/Stable | |||||||
JBS S.A. |
BBB-/Stable | |||||||
Klabin S.A. |
BB+/Stable | |||||||
Localiza Rent a Car S.A. |
BBB-/Stable | |||||||
Marfrig Global Foods S.A. |
BB+/Stable | |||||||
Raizen S.A. |
BBB/Stable | |||||||
Rede D'Or Sao Luiz S.A. |
BB+/Stable | |||||||
Sao Martinho S.A. |
BBB-/Stable | |||||||
Suzano S.A. |
BBB-/Stable | |||||||
Tupy S.A. |
BB+/Stable | |||||||
Ultrapar Participacoes S.A. |
BBB-/Stable | |||||||
Vale S.A. |
BBB-/Stable | |||||||
Votorantim Cimentos S.A. |
BBB/Stable | |||||||
Votorantim S.A. |
BBB/Stable | |||||||
Colombia |
BBB | BB+/Negative | ||||||
Enel Colombia S.A E.S.P. |
BBB-/Stable | |||||||
Curacao |
BBB- | BBB-/Stable | ||||||
First Abu Dhabi Bank USA N.V. |
AA-/Stable | |||||||
Schlumberger Ltd. |
A/Positive | |||||||
France |
AAA | AA-/Stable | ||||||
L'Oreal S.A. |
AA/Stable | |||||||
Sanofi |
AA/Stable | |||||||
Greece |
AAA | BBB-/Positive | ||||||
Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S.A. |
BBB+/Stable | |||||||
India |
BBB+ | BBB-/Positive | ||||||
HCL Technologies Ltd. |
A-/Stable | |||||||
Infosys Ltd. |
A/Stable | |||||||
Larsen & Toubro Ltd. |
BBB+/Stable | |||||||
Reliance Industries Ltd. |
BBB+/Stable | |||||||
Tata Motors Ltd. |
BBB/Stable | |||||||
Tata Steel Ltd. |
BBB/Stable | |||||||
Wipro Ltd. |
A-/Stable | |||||||
Indonesia |
BBB+ | BBB/Stable | ||||||
Astra International Tbk. PT |
BBB+/Stable | |||||||
Italy |
AAA | BBB/Stable | ||||||
BNP Paribas SA (Italy Branch) |
A+/Stable | |||||||
Banca Nazionale del Lavoro SpA |
BBB+/Stable | |||||||
Bank of New York Mellon S.A./N.V. (Italian Branch) |
A+/Stable | |||||||
Barclays Bank Ireland PLC (Milan Branch) |
A+/Stable | |||||||
Deutsche Bank AG (Milan Branch) |
A/Stable | |||||||
Eni SpA |
A-/Negative | |||||||
Hera SpA |
BBB+/Stable | |||||||
Snam SpA |
BBB+/Stable | |||||||
Societa Metropolitana Acque Torino SpA |
BBB+/Stable | |||||||
Terna SpA |
BBB+/Stable | |||||||
Japan |
AA+ | A+/Stable | ||||||
Osaka Gas Co. Ltd. |
AA-/Negative | |||||||
Tokyo Gas Co. Ltd. |
AA-/Stable | |||||||
Jordan |
BB+ | BB-/Stable | ||||||
Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC |
BBB-/Stable | |||||||
Malta |
AAA | A-/Stable | ||||||
Munich Re of Malta PLC |
AA/Stable | |||||||
Mexico |
A | BBB/Stable | ||||||
America Movil S.A.B. de C.V. |
A-/Stable | |||||||
Asigna Compensacion y Liquidacion |
BBB+/Stable | |||||||
Coca-Cola Femsa S.A.B. de C.V. |
A-/Stable | |||||||
FIBRA Prologis |
BBB+/Stable | |||||||
Fomento Economico Mexicano S.A.B. de C.V. |
BBB+/Stable | |||||||
Grupo Bimbo S.A.B. de C.V. |
BBB+/Stable | |||||||
Grupo Mexico S.A.B. de C.V. |
BBB+/Stable | |||||||
Kansas City Southern de Mexico S.A. de C.V. |
BBB+/Stable | |||||||
Kimberly-Clark de Mexico S.A.B. de C.V. |
A-/Stable | |||||||
Minera Mexico S.A. de C.V. |
BBB+/Stable | |||||||
Siemens Servicios Comerciales S.A. de C.V. Sofom E.N.R. |
A-/Stable | |||||||
Telefonos de Mexico, S.A.B. de C.V. |
A-/Stable | |||||||
Nigeria |
B- | B-/Stable | ||||||
Seplat Energy PLC |
B/Stable | |||||||
Panama |
AAA | BBB/Negative | ||||||
Autoridad del Canal de Panama |
A-/Negative | |||||||
South Africa |
BB+ | BB-/Stable | ||||||
Gold Fields Ltd. |
BBB-/Stable | |||||||
Sappi Ltd. |
BB/Stable | |||||||
Sasol Ltd. |
BB+/Stable | |||||||
Telkom SA SOC Ltd. |
BB/Stable | |||||||
Spain |
AAA | A/Stable | ||||||
Banco Santander S.A. |
A+/Stable | |||||||
Barclays Bank Ireland PLC, Sucursal en Espana (Madrid Branch) |
A+/Stable | |||||||
Basque Country (Autonomous Community of) (The) |
AA-/Stable | |||||||
Bizkaia (Historical Territory of) |
AA-/Stable | |||||||
Credit Suisse Bank (Europe) S.A. |
A+/Stable | |||||||
Navarre (Autonomous Community of) |
AA-/Stable | |||||||
Turkiye |
BB- | B+/Positive | ||||||
Anadolu Efes Biracilik ve Malt Sanayii AS |
BB+/Negative | |||||||
Arcelik A.S. |
BB/Negative | |||||||
Coca-Cola Icecek AS |
BB+/Negative | |||||||
Ford Otomotiv Sanayi A.S. |
BB/Stable | |||||||
Koc Holding A.S. |
BB/Positive | |||||||
Mersin International Port |
BB-/Positive | |||||||
TAV Airports |
BB-/Stable | |||||||
Turk Telekom |
BB-/Positive | |||||||
Turkcell Iletisim Hizmetleri A.S. |
BB-/Positive | |||||||
Ulker Biskuvi |
BB/Stable | |||||||
Ukraine |
CCC+ | SD/NM | ||||||
Bank Alliance JSC |
CCC+/Stable | |||||||
Kernel Holding S.A. |
CC/Negative | |||||||
Kyiv (City of) |
CCC+/Stable | |||||||
MHP SE |
CCC/Negative | |||||||
Ukrainian Railways JSC |
CCC+/Negative | |||||||
VF Ukraine PrJSC |
CCC/Negative | |||||||
U.K. |
AAA | AA/Stable | ||||||
Wellcome Trust |
AAA/Stable | |||||||
U.S. |
AAA | AA+/Stable | ||||||
Johnson & Johnson |
AAA/Negative | |||||||
Microsoft Corp. |
AAA/Stable | |||||||
*These T&C assessments are for countries that are either members of monetary or currency unions or use as their local currency the currency of another sovereign. Because of this, the assessment shown is based on S&P Global Ratings' analysis of either the monetary authority of the monetary/currency union or the sovereign issuing the currency. Thus, for European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) members (such as Greece, Ireland, Italy, and/or Spain), the T&C assessments reflect our view of the likelihood of the European Central Bank restricting nonsovereign access to foreign exchange needed for debt service. As for countries that use the currency of another, the T&C assessment of Panama is equalized with that of the U.S. LT FC rating/OL--Long-term foreign currency rating and outlook. |
Table 2
Insurance ratings that exceed the sovereign rating as of Oct. 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sovereign | Issuer | T&C assessment | Sovereign FC rating | Sovereign LC rating | LC financial strength rating | |||||||
Bahrain |
BB- | B+/Stable/B | B+/Stable/B | |||||||||
Hannover ReTakaful B.S.C. |
A+/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Barbados |
B- | B-/Positive/B | B-/Positive/B | |||||||||
RGA Americas Reinsurance Co. Ltd. |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
RGA Atlantic Reinsurance Co. Ltd. |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
RGA Reinsurance Co. (Barbados) Ltd. |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Bermuda |
AA+ | A+/Stable/A-1 | A+/Stable/A-1 | |||||||||
ACE INA Overseas Insurance Co. Ltd. |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
AIA International Ltd. |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
AIA Reinsurance Ltd. |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Allianz Risk Transfer (Bermuda) Ltd. |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Assured Guaranty Re Ltd. |
AA/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Assured Guaranty Re Overseas Ltd. |
AA/Stable/- | |||||||||||
AXA China Region Insurance Co. (Bermuda) Ltd. |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
AXA XL Reinsurance Ltd. |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Centre Reinsurance (U.S.) Ltd. |
AA/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Chubb Bermuda Insurance Ltd. |
AA/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Chubb INA Overseas Insurance Co. Ltd. |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Chubb Tempest Life Reinsurance Ltd. |
AA/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Chubb Tempest Reinsurance Ltd. |
AA/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Corporate Officers and Directors Assurance Ltd. |
AA/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Hannover Life Reassurance Co. of America (Bermuda) Ltd. |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Hannover Re (Bermuda) Ltd. |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
HSBC Life (International) Ltd. |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Legal & General Reinsurance Co. Ltd. |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Manulife (International) Ltd. |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Munich Re of Bermuda, Ltd. |
AA/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Pacific Life Re International Ltd. |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
RGA Global Reinsurance Co. Ltd. |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
RGA Worldwide Reinsurance Co Ltd. |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Top Layer Reinsurance Ltd. |
AA/Stable/- | |||||||||||
XL Bermuda Ltd. |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Zurich Global, Ltd. |
AA/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Brazil |
BB+ | BB/Stable/B | BB/Stable/B | |||||||||
SCOR Brasil Resseguros SA |
A+/Stable/- | |||||||||||
China |
A+ | A+/Stable/A-1 | A+/Stable/A-1 | |||||||||
Chubb Insurance Co. Ltd. (China) |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Lloyd's Insurance Co. (China) Ltd. |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Colombia |
BBB | BB+/Negative/B | BBB-/Negative/A-3 | |||||||||
Cardif Colombia Seguros Generales S.A. |
BBB-/Negative/- | |||||||||||
Cyprus |
AAA* | BBB+/Positive/A-2 | BBB+/Positive/A-2 | |||||||||
Steamship Mutual Underwriting Assn. (Europe) Ltd. |
A/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Egypt |
B | B/Stable/B | B/Stable/B | |||||||||
Orient Takaful Insurance Company S.A.E |
A+/Stable/- | |||||||||||
France |
AAA* | AA-/Stable/A-1+ | AA-/Stable/A-1+ | |||||||||
Allianz IARD |
AA/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Allianz Vie |
AA/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Chubb European Group SE |
AA/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Assured Guaranty (Europe) SA |
AA/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Ireland |
AAA* | AA/Stable/A-1+ | AA/Stable/A-1+ | |||||||||
Berkshire Hathaway European Insurance DAC |
AA+/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Italy |
AAA* | BBB/Stable/A-2 | BBB/Stable/A-2 | |||||||||
Allianz SpA |
A/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Genertel SpA |
A+/Stable/- | |||||||||||
REVO Insurance SpA |
A-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Japan |
AA+ | A+/Stable/A-1 | A+/Stable/A-1 | |||||||||
Allianz Fire and Marine Insurance Japan Ltd. |
AA/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Chubb Insurance Japan |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
MetLife Insurance KK |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Kazakhstan |
BBB | BBB-/Stable/A-3 | BBB-/Stable/A-3 | |||||||||
Eurasia Insurance Co. |
BBB/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Malaysia |
A+ | A-/Stable/A-2 | A/Stable/A-1 | |||||||||
Hannover Retakaful Labuan Branch Family |
A+/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Hannover Retakaful Labuan Branch General |
A+/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Malta |
AAA* | A-/Stable/A-2 | A-/Stable/A-2 | |||||||||
Munich Re of Malta PLC |
AA/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Mexico |
A | BBB/Stable/A-2 | BBB+/Stable/A-2 | |||||||||
AIG Seguros Mexico S.A. de C.V. |
A-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
AXA Seguros S.A. de C.V. |
A-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
ChubbSeguros Mexico S.A. |
BBB+/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Sompo Seguros Mexico S.A. de C.V. |
A-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Tokio Marine Compania de Seguros S.A. de C.V. |
A+/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Nigeria |
B- | B-/Stable/B | B-/Stable/B | |||||||||
African Reinsurance Corp. |
A-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Poland |
A+ | A-/Stable/A-2 | A/Stable/A-1 | |||||||||
Towarzystwo Ubezpieczen i Reasekuracji WARTA S.A. |
A+/Stable/- | |||||||||||
South Africa |
BB+ | BB-/Stable/B | BB/Stable/B | |||||||||
African Reinsurance Corp. (South Africa) Ltd. |
A-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
AIG Life South Africa Ltd. |
BB/Stable/- | |||||||||||
AIG South Africa Ltd. |
BB/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Allianz Global Corporate and Specialty South Africa Ltd. |
BB+/Stable/- | |||||||||||
General Reinsurance Africa Ltd. |
AA+/Stable/- | |||||||||||
GIC Re South Africa Ltd. |
BB+/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Hannover Re South Africa Ltd. |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Hannover Reinsurance Africa Ltd. |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Munich Reinsurance Co. of Africa Ltd. |
AA/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Old Mutual Life Assurance Co. (South Africa) Ltd. |
BB/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Santam Ltd. |
BB/Stable/- | |||||||||||
SCOR Africa Ltd. |
A+/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Swiss Re Africa Ltd. |
AA-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Spain |
AAA* | A/Stable/A-1 | A/Stable/A-1 | |||||||||
Mapfre Re, Compania de Reaseguros, S.A. |
A+/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Thailand |
A | BBB+/Stable/A-2 | A-/Stable/A-2 | |||||||||
Bangkok Insurance Public Co. Ltd. |
A-/Stable/- | |||||||||||
New Hampshire Insurance Co. Thailand |
A+/Positive/- | |||||||||||
Sompo Insurance (Thailand) PLC |
A/Stable/- | |||||||||||
Tokio Marine Safety Insurance (Thailand) Public Co. Ltd. |
A/Stable/- | |||||||||||
U.K. |
AAA | AA/Stable/A-1+ | AA/Stable/A-1+ | |||||||||
Berkshire Hathaway International Insurance Ltd. |
AA+/Stable/- | |||||||||||
TransRe London Ltd. |
AA+/Stable/- | |||||||||||
*These T&C assessments are for countries that are either members of monetary or currency unions or use as their local currency the currency of another sovereign. Because of this, the assessment shown is based on S&P Global Ratings' analysis of either the monetary authority of the monetary/currency union or the sovereign issuing the currency. Thus, for European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) members (such as Greece, Ireland, Italy, and Spain), the T&C assessments reflect our view of the likelihood of the European Central Bank restricting nonsovereign access to foreign exchange needed for debt service. FC--Foreign currency. LC--Local currency. |
Related Criteria
- General Criteria: Methodology: Criteria For Determining Transfer And Convertibility Assessments, May 18, 2009
Related Research
Primary Credit Analyst: | Santiago Cajal, Mexico City + 52 55 5081 4521; santiago.cajal@spglobal.com |
Secondary Contacts: | Mirko Sanna, Milan + 390272111275; mirko.sanna@spglobal.com |
Alexandra Filatova, Frankfurt +49 1735633709; alexandra.filatova@spglobal.com | |
Tatiana Grineva, London + 44 20 7176 7061; tatiana.grineva@spglobal.com | |
Pablo F Lutereau, Madrid + 34 (914) 233204; pablo.lutereau@spglobal.com |
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